Hematopoietic Stem Cells - 720 Words

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) resides within the bone marrow, which serves as niche for the maintenance of HSCs. HSC niche maintain a balance between proliferation and differentiation not only during steady state of tissue homeostasis but also in stress conditions-like during bleeding, viral or bacterial infection or loss of blood cells caused due to toxins or chemotherapeutic agents. Identification of HSC niche has been a major challenge since years due to high mobility of HSCs. Unlike the other stem cell niche, where stem cells reside within their niche or in their proximity, HSCs keep travelling between different bone marrow compartments. Observing the complexity of HSC niche, Hanoun and Frenette said – â€Å"HSC niche is a maze; an amazing niche† (Hanoun and Frenette, 2013) Recently, diverse cell types have been identified that serve as niche for regulating HSCs. They include-osteoblasts, mesenchymal stem cells, non-myelinating Schwann cells, CXCL12 abundant reticular (CAR) cells, endothelial cells associated with leptin-receptor (LepR)-expressing mesenchymal stromal cells. Each of these cell types uses different signaling molecule for maintaining HSCs proliferation and differentiation (Lander et al., 2012). First cells to be recognized as HSC niche were-osteoblasts. Osteoblasts are bone- forming cells that line the bone-surface. HSCSs are present in close association with osteoblasts (Gong, 1978). First evidence indicating osteoblast as HSC niche came from the study ofShow MoreRelatedHematopoietic Stem Cells to Cure Leukemia980 Words   |  4 Pages Hematopoietic Stem Cells to Cure Leukemia Genetic Engineering consists in altering the DNA of a cell with the purpose of researching, as well as correcting genetic defects. (learn.genetics.edu) One of the human bodys cells has the ability to grow into any one of the bodys more than 200 cell types and this is called Stem Cells. They are not specialized and unlike mature cells, they can renew themselves and create new cells. Stem cells have a great potential, but extremely limited is theRead MoreHematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Essay975 Words   |  4 PagesSince the first Hematopoietic stem cell transplant successfully carried out by Dr. Thomas in 1972, the technique has gained world- wide importance, and has become a potentially curative treatment for most neoplastic and non- malignant disorders  including Leukaemia, Sickle cell anaemia and Multiple Sclerosis (Alvarez Silva, 2017). However, complications such as graft-versus-host diseases (GVHD) and relapse of primary malignancy are substantial and are the leading causes of morbidity and mortalityRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Cancer1530 Words   |  7 Pagescomprehension. Recognizing the scope of the problem is s ignificant. The overall incidence of GVHD is between thirty and sixty percent. GVHD has a fifty percent mortality rate. Risk factors for acute and chronic GVHD, treatment, outcomes after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT), relapse and disease-free survival after reduced intensity conditioning (RIC), and unrelated donors are all considered by the studies.1,3-6 So, the question to be considered: In cancer patients, is the survival rate and riskRead MoreThe Human Of Bone Marrow Transplantation1632 Words   |  7 Pagesand pathological traits that they share with other animals and humans. The field of BMT research has taken full advantage of these qualities, and mice have become one of the most commonly used BMT animal models. Transplantation (organ and hematopoietic) began in the early 20th century1. Several studies published between 1949-1953 139-141 documented that organs removed and immediately transplanted back into the same individual (autotransplants) were not rejected. However, organs from geneticallyRead MoreEssay on Bone Marrow Transplants1155 Words   |  5 Pagesyears, the emergence of bone marrow transplants as a therapeutic modality for fatal disease and as a curative option for individuals born with inherited disorders that carry limited life expectancy and poor quality of life (G). Over 4,500 hematopoietic stem cell [bone marrow] transplants performed on patients in the United States annually (H). Bone marrow transplants originally developed to allow the use of very high doses of cytotoxic drug treatments for malignancies, such as leukemia (B). Two typesRead MoreThe Use Of N95 Masks Versus Surgical Masks1500 Words   |  6 Pagesthe unit. This made me wonder why different institutions wo uld have different policies and what the actual best practice is according to evidence. The OHSU Policy #HC-NSG-BMT-205-POL Infection Control Policy for Adult and Pediatric Oncology/Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (HSCT) Units states that patients shall wear an N-95 mask when outside the HEPA-filtered environment (OHSU, 2016). This is important to me from a leadership role development because as an informal nurse leader, it is my responsibilityRead MoreThe Role Of Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation And Curing Disease2357 Words   |  10 Pageshaematopoietic stem cells in transplantation and curing disease 1. Hematopoietic stem cells Till and McCulloch described the two hallmarks of Haematopoietic stem cells to be long term self-renewal and the ability to differentiate into all various types of specialized blood cells, with one stem cell able to produce around a million mature blood cells after 20 divisions. The differentiation of these stem cells result in committed hemopoitic progenitor cells which give rise to cells from both the myeloidRead MoreAcademic Statement Of Purpose Of The University s Health Services Organization And Policy972 Words   |  4 Pagesa top medical school in China. In my junior years, through a series of research and clinical experience, I have become interested in the area of endocrine complications in long-term survivors after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. My thesis, titled â€Å"Effects of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation on Thyroid Function†, was completed at Ruijin Hospital. In the final year of my M.D. program, I was granted an opportunity to work as a resident in the Europe’s second largest bone marrow transplantRead MoreStem Cell Therapy Essay1036 Words   |  5 Pageskept increasing at accelerated pace. A lot of research areas had emerged for that purpose including one of the most fascinating and highly active areas at present, stem cells therapies. Due to self-renewal property and differentiation capability of stem cell, it becomes a new hope in modern treatment. The first successful case of stem cell therapy in human was reported in 1959. Bone marrow restorations were observed in leukemia patients who received total body irradiation subsequent by intravenousRead MoreDifferent Types Of Cell Research1597 Words   |  7 PagesFrom brain cells to skin cells, our body is made up of 200 different types of specialized cells. One of the most versatile types of cell is a stem cell. Stem cells are cells that have not been specialized yet; in other words, they do not have a specific job. For example, nerve cells work to send signals throughout your body, while stem cells do not have any specific functions. But they do possess the ability to develop into all of the other different types of specialized cells in our body. With regenerative